Monday, May 29, 2006

brains communicate with computers, and note on private funding

the communication goes both ways:

Honda Says Brain Waves Control Robot

Australian research shows mobile phones affect brain function

this is old news, though... from my archive of "draft but never published" posts:

some odd stuff is going on in a basement at princeton:
Using random event generators -- computers that spew random output -- they have participants focus their intent on controlling the machines' output. Out of several million trials, they've detected small but "statistically significant" signs that minds may be able to interact with machines.
far out. but how does this operation stay solvent without funds from the university or public grants? private donations, namely from mcdonnell douglas aircraft, a rockefeller, and a wealthy businessman sustain their abstract project.

private sources fund many surprising - i.e., seemingly pointless or extraneous - research projects. one prominent example is the institute for advanced study which funded einstein and godel in their later years.

the history of the institute, which i read in the very excellent book incompleteness, illustrates the power of private funds in academic research. IAS was funded initially by a wealthy brother and sister because of their belief that at times seemingly "useless" not rewarded in the academic arena is actually of great value scientifically.

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If that's the most productive research money can buy... well hell, power to em! I'm glad to see private funding gowing to the somewhat fringe fields as well as traditional investment.

By Anonymous Robert Nanders, at Thu Jun 01, 12:44:00 AM  

Another private organization, The Hanso Foundation, has also funded some great work. Check it out at www.hansofoundation.org.

But, that said, think of all the awesome things people could do with government funding too.

I joke around a lot about being for smoking bans etc., but this time I'm serious: I'm all about government funding of science and research, as long as I get to choose what's funded:

1. Flying cars
2. Invisibility
3. Life Extension/Immortality
4. Time Travel
5. Genetic Enhancement
6. Diseases and stuff.

By Anonymous Greg Newburn, at Sat Jun 03, 08:36:00 AM  

mmm flying cars. i'd be fine with that too. and among some of the crazy gov't research projects that actually sounds semi-reasonable. in fact, NASA is working on it from what i hear.

my position on gov't funding of research is not surprising, but i can't talk really, because next week i'm re-writing an NIH grant proposal...

By Blogger ns, at Sat Jun 03, 01:42:00 PM  

Seriously though. Don't you think government can do some real good in this area? I don't think the traditional critiques apply here, because there's not a disincentive to fail. If a scientist can discover a cure for AIDS, he can pitch another proposal and the chances of it being funded increase. So there's an incentive for success in science, unlike, say, environmental protection.

By Anonymous Greg, at Sat Jun 03, 10:49:00 PM  

gov’t research funding is certainly one of the least harmful programs, and i think libertarians might do better to worry about other areas first. going after NIH is probably counterproductive. and i think you’re right in part; reputation gives an incentive to succeed rather than fail.

yet there are some significant problems with government-funded research. often politically favorable outcomes only get renewed grants, which can be very dangerous because it spins research. politically fashionable outcomes get credibility, even if they are in the minority on that subject. this actually happened to my aunt, a researcher at wash. u.’s medical school. she was studying the effects of pollution, but this can also be the case for illegal drug research. another problem is that citizens are forced to pay for research they are morally opposed to (e.g. HIV studies on orphaned infants, studies on sexual practices, etc.). there are a host of other problems – NIH has recently come under fire for conflicts of interest in grant approval.

vernon smith may be a libertarian but does take NIH and other government money. he says it is better that he take it. maybe that’s just a rationalization, but he does have a point.

By Blogger ns, at Sun Jun 04, 02:01:00 PM  

I guess there is the possibility that researrch can be tailored to suit political ends, but I think the desire to be right and to make great discoveries would trump those incentives in the long run.

As far as the moral problems go, I don't care. Just because some religious lunatic doesn't want to pay for AIDS vaccines because it's "God's revenge" on homosexuals doesn't mean it isn't a good idea to do it, and moral to boot.

I guess you'll always have political problems with political solutions, but given the awesome amount of good that can come from gov't. funding, I'm all for it. And I agree that it's nonsense for libertarians to attack this one first.

By Anonymous Greg, at Mon Jun 05, 04:17:00 PM  

although professional reputation makes people work towards what they think is right, i agree, i’m taking about the other side of the coin - a perverse process of unnatural selection goes on in which only politically favorable grants survive therefore distorting the entire research field. so you have 100 studies saying pollution is harmless and two saying it is bad, and those two get funded, therefore creating support for bad policy. the people selecting the renewals are reacting in part to political pressures, and the NSF also doesn't have as much of an incentive to be "right" because it’s a bureaucracy without reputational factors. but this may be an unavoidable problem when relying on grants and donations - it could very well be the case in an all-private scenario as well so this is not necessarily an attach on all government funding.

i kind of agree that some moral positions are so wrong we shouldn't factor them in, but shouldn’t there be some moral rules on what’s funded, and who determines what “non-lunatic” morals are enforced? personally, i don't like the idea of funding projects to experiment with dangerous HIV drugs on parentless infants and children, but others say that the sacrifice is worth it for the greater good of curing AIDS. i don’t know, but these are the problems that arise when it becomes a collective issue.

By Blogger ns, at Mon Jun 05, 04:51:00 PM  

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casino tricks

many people are already familiar with some of the psychological tricks casinos use to get more of their money, such as not having clocks and super-oxygenating the air. in turn, motley fool has some good tips for curbing those negative gambling habits, however encouraged, both at the poker table and elsewhere.

it's interesting, then, that more casinos haven't gone smoke-free in their effort to get people to stick around. no-smoke.org lists only a handful of non-smoking casinos and (snicker) bingo parlors (PDF).

i suppose this suggests evidence for the point that smoke doesn't significantly effect consumer decisions, as las vegas has probably invested plenty of research into what does. one must ask: if the public does prefer smokeless casinos , why don't they demand them? i'm sure there are many reasons. my inner statistician (demographer?) suggests (as i'm sure many others have done) that the gambling subpopulation's preferences differ substantially from the aggregate population's. folks bothered by smoke may be the minority in gambling groups but the majority in the general population. this may make sense because of general gambling culture and because gambling folks probably have higher incidence of risk-taking & addictive personalities. yet on top of paternalistic concerns, the aggregate population can probably imagine going to a casino so still have a self-interest in regulating the smoke-free casino game.

update: on a similar note, "brothels ask exemption from smoking ban"

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Sunday, May 28, 2006

hedgehog locale update

quiz:
what do jessie jackson and john ashcroft have in common?
...thomas sowell and paul wolfowitz?
...milton friedman and kurt vonnegut, jr.?

answer:
they all went to the university of chicago.

and soon i will, too. in chicago's masters program i will study lots of fun and exciting stuff, like brains (yes, brains are fun! and exciting!). i'm taking the summer "off" so officially no longer staff here (although i'd like to think of myself as director emeritus), and will instead be here for the next few months.

now that i'm finished freaking out about those decisions, i'll probably do some more blogging...

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Congratulations. I am certainly hoping that you turn out most like Jessie Jackson. A penchant for rhyming prose might improve the digestability of neuroeconomic reseach.
"We've got to probe
The frontal lobe
To give your subliminal choice
An academic voice.
Can I get an Amen?"

JC

By Anonymous Anonymous, at Mon May 29, 09:11:00 AM  

HA. thanks, you :) i'll add that verse to my first academic paper.

but to succeed i "must know it is not my aptitude but my attitude that will determine my altitude."

By Blogger ns, at Mon May 29, 11:42:00 AM  

congratulations!

By Blogger David, at Mon Jun 12, 12:22:00 AM  

thanks! i will be at GMU util the end of August though, so you had better hang out with me. :)

By Blogger ns, at Mon Jun 12, 09:26:00 AM  

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Wednesday, May 03, 2006

IQ and age

i, and many others, have noted that some executive functions necessary for intelligence, such as working memory, decline with age. this has been affirmed by a decrease in IQ across time. however, we have committed an error: not wondering whether this is due to extracerebral physical decline causing an inability to perceive and perform the tests, instead of cognitive decline. a new study indicates that perception deficits may be the main factor leading to the IQ dive in aging america.

"The poorer performance by older adults may be characterized by a loss of efficiency in visual search," stated the researcher. "...This finding offers direct support for the hypothesis that sensory deficits influence coding task performances."


certainly, this is a very important distinction. however, i wonder then how we define IQ. physical central nervous system decline such as neuronal atrophy causes deficits in perceived cognitive output. this study shows that the body's physical decline creates similar deficits in perceived output. effectively, intelligence has dropped, regardless of what is going on in the brain, regardless of what executive functions are still sharp. the individual has lost the ability to interact as one with her previous IQ does, and that is important.

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